Cataract Treatment in Cape Coral, FL

What is a Cataract?

Nearly 100 percent of people believe that a cataract is a film or growth that grows over the eye. A cataract is actually not a film or piece of tissue that grows over the eye that blurs people’s vision. There is a lens inside of the eye that is positioned behind the pupil and colored portion of the eye (iris) that focuses light as it passes through the pupil to be focused onto the retina (the retina is similar to the film of a camera as it receives the object you are looking at). The lens becomes hazy or cloudy from aging and various other reasons and this cloudiness blurs the vision. The term cataract comes from the description of a rapids or waterfall in a river. The water is clear until it reaches the rapids or waterfall and then the water turns white. Before there was cataract surgery, the pupil would turn white when the cataract became very advanced.

This image that the retina sees is transmitted from the retina through the optic nerve. The optic nerve transmits the image to the back portion of the brain called the occipital lobe. The occipital lobe is the vision center inside the brain. As the human body ages, this lens behind the pupil loses its clarity over time. The lens becomes hazy or cloudy. As the lens becomes progressively hazy or cloudy, it causes the vision to blur. It is similar to the windshield of your car fogging and diminishing your ability to see through the windshield. As the fogging of the windshield progresses, it becomes more difficult it is to see through it. So, now you know the truth about what a cataract is. Let’s take a look at why people get cataracts.

What Causes Cataracts to Develop in the Eye?

In nearly all cases, a cataract develops in the lens over time secondary to just simple aging. Many genetic factors related to cataracts can lead to the development of different types of cataracts. In some families, they develop cataracts at a younger age due to these genetic factors. On rare occasions, a child will be born with cataracts. What other risks or factors contribute to the development of cataracts? There is very good scientific evidence that ultraviolet light or sun exposure can increase the risk of developing cataracts at a faster rate. Also, Smoking leads to the development of cataracts at a younger age. People with diabetes can develop a diabetic cataract and usually develop cataracts at a younger age.

Cataracts develop slowly over years of time and people develop bilateral cataracts in most cases. Many times, a person with cataracts needs to get a new prescription for glasses to clear their vision. Cataracts can cause the eye to become more nearsighted from the eye’s original state as the lens becomes denser. The human lens is comprised of several different structures which can become cloudy which are the causes of blurred vision. Having different structures in the lens means there can be different types of cataracts. There are two major types of cataracts which are an immature cataract and a mature cataract. Another subcategory is an incipient cataract. Incipient cataracts or early cataracts are cataracts early in development and do not affect a person’s vision. Here is a list of some of the different types of cataracts:

Nuclear Cataracts

Nuclear sclerosis, senile cataract, nuclear cataract, nuclear sclerotic cataract, senile nuclear sclerosis, or aging cataract are some of the terms for the nucleus of the lens becoming hazy, brownish, and cloudy. A cataract lens where the nucleus becomes brownish and cloudy is the most common type of cataract. This type of cataract usually changes slowly over years of time. Nuclear sclerotic cataracts can cause a change in the glass prescription. As the lens becomes denser, it makes the eye more nearsighted. You may only need a new glass prescription change for several years.

Cortical Cataracts

The cortex is the portion of the lens located between the central nucleus and the outer capsule that surrounds the lens. A cortical cataract occurs when the tissue around the nucleus turns white when it develops a cataract. This whitening may have a variety of shapes or the whole cortex may turn white. The shape may look like a snowflake cataract, a sunflower cataract, the spokes of a wheel, or the general haze of the lens.

Posterior Subcapsular Cataracts or PSC Cataract

The space between the cortex and the capsule surrounding the lens is where a subcapsular cataract develops. The most common is a posterior subcapsular cataract. This type of cataract occurs in younger people as well as older adults. This cataract may progress very rapidly and blur vision in only a few months. Corticosteroid use can cause this type of cataract. An anterior subcapsular cataract occurs under the anterior capsule. This is not a very common type of cataract. It may occur with the use of certain drugs.

Traumatic Cataracts

A cataract can develop after a significant injury to the eye. The traumatic cataract may develop in a few days to a few weeks after the injury. If there is a penetrating injury and the lens is damaged, surgery would need to be done immediately and the lens removed.

Lamellar Cataract

A lamellar cataract or a zonular cataract is a cataract caused by a hereditary autosomal dominant gene. The opacity or clouding is located at the level of the embryonic nucleus. This a type of congenital cataract and there are other types of congenital cataracts.

Mature Cataract, Hypermature cataract, White Cataract, or Ripe Cataract

A ripe cataract is a term used to describe a white, mature, or hypermature cataract. The term cataract comes from the word originally used for describing the appearance of rapids or waterfalls where the water turns from clear to white which are also cataracts in the river. A ripe cataract occurs when the lens in the eye becomes white. Also, the tissues of the lens start to degenerate, liquefy, or melt. The lens melts in a way like when a fruit becomes overripe and begins to soften. You can see a ripe cataract without any special equipment as the pupil of the eye is white. The vision with a ripe or hypermature cataract is horrible. The person can only see light out of the eye.

They are only able to see light when a bright light is shown into the eye. The term ripe cataract was used years ago by eye surgeons or rarely today when the cataract had advanced to a stage when cataract surgery would be indicated. It is very rare in the United States to see a mature cataract. Ripe or hypermature cataracts are very common in third-world countries due to limited access to health care. Eye surgeons used this term in the past as it was an easy way to tell someone that their cataracts had advanced to a stage where cataract surgery would be indicated. You waited until the cataract had advanced to a significant stage. This was due to the fact the patient had to be admitted to the hospital for up to 2 weeks following cataract surgery with sandbags by their heads to keep them from moving. Before today’s modern techniques, there were many more complications related to cataract surgery as well. Since the patient is bedridden for two weeks, infections, pulmonary embolus, vein occlusions, and other diseases could occur. In the United States, very few people let their vision or cataract advance to a ripe stage today. Hypermature or ripe cataracts are a leading cause of blindness in third-world countries where access to health care is limited. If you can see out of your eyes and your eye doctor is telling you that you have a ripe cataract, ask them to explain what they mean.

Posterior Polar Cataract

A posterior polar cataract is a rare cataract involving the area of the posterior capsule. The cataract formation can be attached to the posterior capsule. Cataract surgery needs to be done in a very careful manner to protect the posterior capsule from rupturing.

What Symptoms Do Cataracts Cause?

Common Complaints of Cataracts in the Doctor’s Office

JAMES E. CROLEY III, M.D.

Dr. James E. Croley III is a board-certified ophthalmologist and the founder of the Cataract & Refractive Institute of Florida. He graduated magna cum laude from Cumberland College before attending medical school at the University of Miami and completing his residency at the University of Alabama Eye Foundation Hospital. Additionally, he studied at Stanford University where he gained further education in advanced ophthalmology techniques. Dr. Croley is a member of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and the Florida Society of Ophthalmology.